World's Fair 2025
Why ChatGPT Keeps Interrupting You — Dr. Tom Shapland, LiveKit
Overview
This talk addresses the persistent issue of voice AI agents, like ChatGPT's advanced voice mode, interrupting users. The core problem lies in current voice AI's simplistic approach to turn-taking, which contrasts sharply with the complex, predictive, and parallel processing humans use in conversation. The presentation explores lessons from human conversation and introduces emerging techniques to improve voice AI's ability to manage conversational flow.
Who should watch
- AI engineers building voice interfaces
- Product Managers working on conversational AI products
- Developers seeking to improve user experience in voice applications
- Anyone frustrated by voice assistants interrupting them
Key takeaways
- Interruptions are a major barrier to adoption and user satisfaction in voice AI.
- Human turn-taking is a fast-paced, predictive process involving semantic, syntactic, and prosodic cues, occurring in parallel with speech generation.
- Current voice AI typically uses a simple Voice Activity Detection (VAD) system that only detects speech vs. silence, leading to premature interruptions.
- Advanced approaches augment VAD with semantic analysis of conversation history, prosody, and acoustic features to better predict turn endings.
- LiveKit has developed a text-based semantic end-of-utterance model that significantly reduces interruptions by analyzing conversational context.
- Other emerging techniques include models that analyze acoustic features alongside text and integrated speech-to-text/turn-detection models like those from Assembly AI.
- Full duplex models, which process input and generate output simultaneously like human minds, show promise but are not yet widely commercialized and may lack control for specific use cases.
- The speaker predicts that smarter VAD augmentations and faster cascade pipelines, rather than full duplex models, will likely drive future improvements in production voice AI.
Notable quotes
*Interruptions are the biggest problem in voice AI agents right now.*
*Turn taking in human conversation is a psycho linguistic puzzle.*
*The content of what people are saying is the main thing we're using to predict when they're going to finish speaking.*
Unofficial community note. Prefer the recording for nuance.